The 12 basic principles of animation were introduced by Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book “The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation”. These principles were based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930’s onward, who were on a quest to produce more realistic animations. Though these principles were originally applied to traditional hand-drawn animation, they also have relevance in today’s computer animations.

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1. Squash And Stretch

2. Anticipation

3. Staging

4. Straight-Ahead and Pose-to-Pose

5. Follow-Through and Overlapping Action

6. Slow In, Slow Out or Ease In, Ease Out

7. Arcs

8. Secondary Action

9. Timing

10. Exaggeration

11. Solid Drawing

12. Appeal

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